![]() Functional stereotactic coordinates (defined relative to anatomical atlas landmarks) are often used as a starting point (indirect targeting). Introductionĭuring deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery, different sources of information are used to ensure precise placement of the electrodes within the target structure. It also has the potential to integrate forthcoming ultra-high-resolution data from current brain mapping projects, and other commercial surgical planning tools. In time, if implemented, its use could improve the accuracy of electrode placement, translating into better surgical outcomes for patients. With further validation, this proof-of-concept software could serve as a useful decision-making tool for surgical teams implanting electrodes for deep brain stimulation. Lead-OR was also able to correct for brain shift, which is where the brain moves ever so slightly in the skull. The platform showed good agreement between imaging and electrophysiology data, although there were some unavoidable discrepancies, arising from limitations in the imaging pipeline and from the surgical procedure. tested Lead-OR on data gathered retrospectively from 32 patients with Parkinson’s who had electrodes implanted in their subthalamic nucleus. ![]() The current set-up integrates with commercial tools and existing software for surgical planning. The open-source platform, dubbed Lead-OR, visualises imaging data and brain activity recordings (termed electrophysiology data) in real time. developed a software pipeline to aggregate the data surgeons use to implant electrodes. ![]() It represents one of many challenges for clinical teams: to analyse, assimilate, and communicate data as it is collected during the procedure. Sometimes, the brain activity signals from this last confirmation step may slightly alter surgical plans. These data include brain scans taken before surgery and recordings of brain activity taken during surgery to confirm the intended implant site. ![]() To ensure electrodes are placed correctly, surgeons use various sources of information to characterize the patient’s brain anatomy and decide on an implant site. The most common target for Parkinson’s disease, for instance, is a structure called the subthalamic nucleus, which sits at the base of the brain, just above the brain stem. Electrodes are implanted deep in the brain to stimulate precise brain regions and control abnormal brain activity in those areas. Deep brain stimulation is an established therapy for patients with Parkinson’s disease and an emerging option for other neurological conditions. ![]()
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